King Philip (1527–1598) had very little power, although he did protect Elizabeth. Henceforth, all administrative counties and county boroughs would be divided into either rural or urban districts, allowing more localised administration. The Elizabethan Age is viewed so highly largely because of the periods before and after. His domestic policies had strengthened royal authority to the detriment of the aristocracy, and led to a safer realm, but his foreign policy adventures did not increase England's prestige abroad and wrecked royal finances and the national economy, and embittered the Irish. It was said that 80,000 rebels were killed, but only 400 Romans. Æthelred's control over his nobles began to falter, and he grew increasingly desperate. In 1585 worsening relations between Philip II of Spain and Elizabeth erupted into war. However, Æthelred's son Edmund II Ironside died shortly afterwards, allowing Cnut, Sweyn's son, to become king of England. However, Catherine insisted that she and Arthur never consummated their brief marriage and that the prohibition did not apply here. Several planned French invasions were attempted, also with the intention of placing the Stuarts on the throne. He was the first monarch to rule the entire island of Britain, but the countries remained separate politically. In summer 1485, Henry Tudor, the last Lancastrian male, returned from exile in France and landed in Wales. His power is illustrated by the fact that he summoned the resources to build Offa's Dyke. This coincides with the appearance of the characteristic Beaker culture, which occurred primarily by folk movement. The English army suffered badly from disease, and Henry was not even present at the one notable victory, the Battle of the Spurs. Anne soon became pregnant and may have already been when they wed. In 1437, Henry VI came of age and began to actively rule as king. Although he showed piety and intelligence, Edward VI was only nine years old when he became king in 1547. In the Iron Age, all of Britain south of the Firth of Forth, was inhabited by the Celtic people known as the Britons, including some Belgic tribes (e.g. "The Story of England". The Romans ruled all of the civilized world and in […]. Several assassination attempts were made on James, notably the Main Plot and Bye Plots of 1603, and most famously, on 5 November 1605, the Gunpowder Plot, by a group of Catholic conspirators, led by Robert Catesby, which caused more antipathy in England towards Catholicism. He spent the first five years of his reign paying the invaders off. For the Jon English album, see, Genetic markers of Anglo-Saxon migrations, England under the Danes and the Norman conquest, 15th century – Henry V and the Wars of the Roses, Formation of Great Britain and the United Kingdom, harvnb error: no target: CITEREFCapelliRedheadAbernethyGatrix (, "New Ballet [Ballad] on the strange whippes which the Spanyards had prepared to whippe English men", Stenton, Frank. The rate-capping rebellion was a campaign within English local councils in 1985 which aimed to force the Conservative government of Margaret Thatcher to withdraw powers to restrict the spending of councils. In December 1689, one of the most important constitutional documents in English history, the Bill of Rights, was passed. They had different manners, customs and laws from those of the conquered people. 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