One of the most characteristic features of helminthes parasites is enormous development of their reproductive system. There is usually an increase in reproductive potential compared with free-living relatives. Since the parasite reside in the host body where they live well protected and nourishment readily available, there is no need to move. (c) Most of the parasites produce antienzymes which protect them from the gastric juice and digestive enzymes of the host. The eggs and larvae of parasite are provided with resistent wall which protect them from the action of digestive juices of the host. In many parasites, particularly endoparasites, there is often a reduction in the CNS and sense organs. 8. (a) Strong impermeable cuticle has developed around the parasite. Parasites can be described as being solely adapted for reproduction. Helminthes are a group of invertebrate organisms which include animals belonging to two important phyla namely, platyhelminthes and nemathelminthes. In the absence of free oxygen, energy is obtained by the process of fermentation of glycogen, in which by glycolysis it is broken down into CO2 and fatty acids. Physiological adaptation is seen physiology of an organism to survive in a particular environment, parasitic flatworm show following physiological adaptation-a. In digestive Trematodes a larval stage occurs. As intestinal parasites lead their life in an environment completely devoid of free oxygen (O2), evolutionary adaptations have resulted in a very low metabolic rate requiring a minimum amount of oxygen. Most parasites are dorso-ventrally flattened and this is related to the need to cling on to the host. The well-developed musculature in Tapeworms (Taenia sp.) Cestodes, for example, basically consist of a small head and neck region and the rest is serially repeated gonads. T.Y. Parasites when not well adapted may lead to virulents and both the parasite and the host try to develop reciprocally an immunity. ii. Classification of Parasites | Parasitology, Biology Notes on Immune System | Immunology. That is infection of more than one host which can increase the geographical range of a parasite, particularly if one host is say terrestrial and the other aquatic. Parasites usually produce more eggs and sperms than their free-living relatives do and there may be a great elaboration of the reproductive organs. So for this reason, the tapeworms have special protective mechanisms like, 1. 17.4 and 17.9). The structural modifications or adaptations of helminths have taken place along two lines: (A) Degeneration or loss of organ/s or organ system/s. This is a question and answer forum for students, teachers and general visitors for exchanging articles, answers and notes. to counteract gut peristalsis and to maintain their position in the intestine. Trematodes. Content Guidelines 2. The cuticle becomes thin, partly or wholely for food absorption. 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