C'est après la séconde Guerre Mondiale que le phénomène prend de l'ampleur. Foreign Affairs remained under American control. CC - Meraj Chhaya. 1942 : Le Congrès lance l’opération « Quit India » afin d’obtenir l’indépendance immédiate. (2001). [35] Large-scale communal violence broke out between Muslims and Hindus and Muslims and Sikhs after the British left in 1947 in the newly independent dominions of India and Pakistan, Cyprus, which came under full British control in 1914 from the Ottoman Empire, was culturally divided between the majority Greek element (which demanded "enosis" or union with Greece) and the minority Turks. During the next 15 years, the Spanish and Royalist on one side, and the rebels on the other fought in South America and Mexico. In 1820 there was a Constitutionalist Revolution in Portugal, which led to the return of the Portuguese court to Lisbon. 19 novembre 2015 par Patrick Bond. [46], Belgium had an empire forced upon by international demand in 1908 in response to the malfeasance of its King Leopold in greatly mistreating the Congo. The Soviet coup d'état attempt in August 1991 accelerated the breakup of the USSR, which formally ended on December 26, 1991. The Philippines built up a new army, under general Douglas MacArthur, who took leave from his U.S. Army position to take command of the new army reporting to Quezon. The creation of these states merely continued ongoing European colonialism. While some areas returned to subsistence farming (British Malaya) others diversified (India, West Africa), and some began to industrialize. Après trois semaines de mobilisation, les étudiants sud-africains remportent une première grande victoire. However, France, taking advantage of the American government's distraction during the Civil War, intervened militarily in Mexico and set up a French-protected monarchy. La décolonisation prend ses débuts en Asie dès la fin de la deuxième guerre mondiale. America's only African colony, Liberia, was formed privately and achieved independence early; Washington unofficially protected it. Declared independence on April 9 after a referendum. The Netherlands was overrun and almost starved to death by the Nazis during the war, and Japan sank the Dutch fleet in seizing the East Indies. ", Smith, Tony. L'Inde a obtenu son indépendance par le dialogue et la non violence Morocco, Lesotho, and Swaziland remain monarchies under dynasties that predate colonial rule. La difficile intégration un grand nombre d'états. However Morocco merged French Morocco with Spanish Morocco, and Somalia formed from the merger of British Somaliland and Italian Somaliland. A partir des années 1920, des mouvements nationalistes réclament l'indépendance de l'Inde et s'inspirent des idées occidentales de liberté et d'égalité pour réclamer la souveraineté des Indiens sur leur terre. The term "Third World" was coined by French demographer Alfred Sauvy in 1952, on the model of the Third Estate, which, according to Abbé Sieyès, represented everything, but was nothing: "...because at the end this ignored, exploited, scorned Third World like the Third Estate, wants to become something too" (Sauvy). However, the colonizer continued to be able to obtain cheap goods and labor as well as economic benefits (see Suez Canal Crisis) from the former colonies. Le Congrès a donc un projet d'Inde démocratique. Eritrea merged with Ethiopia in 1952, but became an independent country in 1993. The Haitian Revolution was a revolt in 1789 and subsequent slave uprising in 1791 in the French colony of Saint-Domingue, on the Caribbean island of Hispaniola. Prend ses débuts en Asie dès la fin de la Couronne '' made to renew the.... Beneath, as so often happens, was complex and painful the links French and British North,. 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Acting individually or through international bodies such as Gibraltar and French Guiana von Albertini states, demanding decolonization, in!
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